Q&A: The Generations in Brazil

The four generations in Brazil’s workforce today developed under conditions spanning from the Vargas dictatorship of the 1940’s, through the military coup of the 1960’s, to today’s democratic government.  Under these varying political environments, young people’s early experiences with authority and views of institutions were significantly different, as were the economic opportunities they were able to pursue.  They developed different attitudes toward risk, varying investment horizons, and a range of expectations toward the workplace.

During the Traditionalist’s formative years in the 1940’s and 1950’s, Vargas’ rule nationalized natural resources, created the country’s first industrialization plan, and saw the growth of small local industry.  However, after his death in 1956, a rapid influx of foreign investment and capital rapidly shrank domestic industry.  This generation grew up accustomed to a dominant authority, with modest expectations.  Members had limited expertise or confidence in how to build a business; most were more comfortable being part of the multinational enterprises that dominated the economy after Vargas’ rule.

The economy struggled during the 1960’s and 1970’s, marked by hyperinflation.  A right-wing military coup d’état expanded the executive branch’s powers, giving the leaders unchecked authority over the country’s direction and radicalizing a generation of left-wing student groups in opposition.  This generation of Boomers developed idealism for a better future and an anti-authoritarian point of view, although most were cautious about expressing their true feelings.  Worried about the economy and in constant fear of hyperinflation, this generation developed a short-term orientation and became excessive consumers.

The economy continued to struggle in the late 1970’s and 1980’s, resulting in strikes for higher wages.  Opposition to authority became more vocal and widespread.  Civilians protested to end the military government rule and demand a direct vote.  In 1989, the first democratically elected president in 29 years brought free trade and privatization, although the transition was fiscally arduous.  This difficult path left members of Generation X risk-adverse, with a strong sense of self-reliance and a strong commitment to their families.